Tables [tab]

Table 1 — Basic character set [tab:lex.charset.basic]

🔗 character		glyph
🔗 U+0009	character tabulation
🔗 U+000b	line tabulation
🔗 U+000c	form feed
🔗 U+0020	space
🔗 U+000a	line feed	new-line
🔗 U+0021	exclamation mark	!
🔗 U+0022	quotation mark	"
🔗 U+0023	number sign	#
🔗 U+0024	dollar sign	$
🔗 U+0025	percent sign	%
🔗 U+0026	ampersand	&
🔗 U+0027	apostrophe	'
🔗 U+0028	left parenthesis	(
🔗 U+0029	right parenthesis	)
🔗 U+002a	asterisk	*
🔗 U+002b	plus sign	+
🔗 U+002c	comma	,
🔗 U+002d	hyphen-minus	-
🔗 U+002e	full stop	.
🔗 U+002f	solidus	/
🔗 U+0030 .. U+0039	digit zero .. nine	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
🔗 U+003a	colon	:
🔗 U+003b	semicolon	;
🔗 U+003c	less-than sign	<
🔗 U+003d	equals sign	=
🔗 U+003e	greater-than sign	>
🔗 U+003f	question mark	?
🔗 U+0040	commercial at	@
🔗 U+0041 .. U+005a	latin capital letter a .. z	A B C D E F G H I J K L M
🔗		N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
🔗 U+005b	left square bracket	[
🔗 U+005c	reverse solidus	\
🔗 U+005d	right square bracket	]
🔗 U+005e	circumflex accent	^
🔗 U+005f	low line	_
🔗 U+0060	grave accent	`
🔗 U+0061 .. U+007a	latin small letter a .. z	a b c d e f g h i j k l m
🔗		n o p q r s t u v w x y z
🔗 U+007b	left curly bracket	{
🔗 U+007c	vertical line	|
🔗 U+007d	right curly bracket	}
🔗 U+007e	tilde	~

Table 2 — Additional control characters in the basic literal character set [tab:lex.charset.literal]

🔗 character
🔗 U+0000	null
🔗 U+0007	alert
🔗 U+0008	backspace
🔗 U+000d	carriage return

Table 3 — Alternative tokens [tab:lex.digraph]

🔗 Alternative	Primary	Alternative	Primary	Alternative	Primary
🔗 <%	{	and	&&	and_eq	&=
🔗 %>	}	bitor	|	or_eq	|=
🔗 <:	[	or	||	xor_eq	^=
🔗 :>	]	xor	^	not	!
🔗 %:	#	compl	~	not_eq	!=
🔗 %:%:	##	bitand	&

Table 4 — Identifiers with special meaning [tab:lex.name.special]

🔗 final	import	post	replaceable_if_eligible
🔗 override	module	pre	trivially_relocatable_if_eligible

Table 5 — Keywords [tab:lex.key]

🔗 alignas	constinit	extern	protected	throw
🔗 alignof	const_cast	false	public	true
🔗 asm	continue	float	register	try
🔗 auto	contract_assert	for	reinterpret_cast	typedef
🔗 bool	co_await	friend	requires	typeid
🔗 break	co_return	goto	return	typename
🔗 case	co_yield	if	short	union
🔗 catch	decltype	inline	signed	unsigned
🔗 char	default	int	sizeof	using
🔗 char8_t	delete	long	static	virtual
🔗 char16_t	do	mutable	static_assert	void
🔗 char32_t	double	namespace	static_cast	volatile
🔗 class	dynamic_cast	new	struct	wchar_t
🔗 concept	else	noexcept	switch	while
🔗 const	enum	nullptr	template
🔗 consteval	explicit	operator	this
🔗 constexpr	export	private	thread_local

Table 6 — Alternative representations [tab:lex.key.digraph]

🔗 and	and_eq	bitand	bitor	compl	not
🔗 not_eq	or	or_eq	xor	xor_eq

Table 7 — Base of integer-literals [tab:lex.icon.base]

🔗 Kind of integer-literal	base N
🔗 binary-literal	2
🔗 octal-literal	8
🔗 decimal-literal	10
🔗 hexadecimal-literal	16

Table 8 — Types of integer-literals [tab:lex.icon.type]

🔗 integer-suffix	decimal-literal	integer-literal other than decimal-literal
🔗 none	int	int
🔗	long int	unsigned int
🔗	long long int	long int
🔗		unsigned long int
🔗		long long int
🔗		unsigned long long int
🔗 u or U	unsigned int	unsigned int
🔗	unsigned long int	unsigned long int
🔗	unsigned long long int	unsigned long long int
🔗 l or L	long int	long int
🔗	long long int	unsigned long int
🔗		long long int
🔗		unsigned long long int
🔗 Both u or U	unsigned long int	unsigned long int
🔗 and l or L	unsigned long long int	unsigned long long int
🔗 ll or LL	long long int	long long int
🔗		unsigned long long int
🔗 Both u or U	unsigned long long int	unsigned long long int
🔗 and ll or LL
🔗 z or Z	the signed integer type corresponding	the signed integer type
🔗	to std​::​size_t ([support.types.layout])	corresponding to std​::​size_t
🔗		std​::​size_t
🔗 Both u or U	std​::​size_t	std​::​size_t
🔗 and z or Z

Table 9 — Character literals [tab:lex.ccon.literal]

🔗 Encoding	Kind	Type	Associated char-	Example
🔗 prefix			acter encoding
🔗 none	ordinary character literal	char	ordinary literal	'v'
🔗	multicharacter literal	int	encoding	'abcd'
🔗 L	wide character literal	wchar_t	wide literal	L'w'
🔗			encoding
🔗 u8	UTF-8 character literal	char8_t	UTF-8	u8'x'
🔗 u	UTF-16 character literal	char16_t	UTF-16	u'y'
🔗 U	UTF-32 character literal	char32_t	UTF-32	U'z'

Table 10 — Simple escape sequences [tab:lex.ccon.esc]

🔗 character		simple-escape-sequence
🔗 U+000a	line feed	\n
🔗 U+0009	character tabulation	\t
🔗 U+000b	line tabulation	\v
🔗 U+0008	backspace	\b
🔗 U+000d	carriage return	\r
🔗 U+000c	form feed	\f
🔗 U+0007	alert	\a
🔗 U+005c	reverse solidus	\\
🔗 U+003f	question mark	\?
🔗 U+0027	apostrophe	\'
🔗 U+0022	quotation mark	\"

Table 11 — Types of floating-point-literals [tab:lex.fcon.type]

🔗 floating-point-suffix	type
🔗 none	double
🔗 f or F	float
🔗 l or L	long double
🔗 f16 or F16	std​::​float16_t
🔗 f32 or F32	std​::​float32_t
🔗 f64 or F64	std​::​float64_t
🔗 f128 or F128	std​::​float128_t
🔗 bf16 or BF16	std​::​bfloat16_t

Table 12 — String literals [tab:lex.string.literal]

🔗 Enco-	Kind	Type	Associated	Examples
🔗 ding			character
🔗 prefix			encoding
🔗 none	ordinary string literal	array of n const char	ordinary literal encoding	"ordinary string" R"(ordinary raw string)"
🔗 L	wide string literal	array of n const wchar_t	wide literal encoding	L"wide string" LR"w(wide raw string)w"
🔗 u8	UTF-8 string literal	array of n const char8_t	UTF-8	u8"UTF-8 string" u8R"x(UTF-8 raw string)x"
🔗 u	UTF-16 string literal	array of n const char16_t	UTF-16	u"UTF-16 string" uR"y(UTF-16 raw string)y"
🔗 U	UTF-32 string literal	array of n const char32_t	UTF-32	U"UTF-32 string" UR"z(UTF-32 raw string)z"

Table 13 — String literal concatenations [tab:lex.string.concat]

🔗 Source		Means	Source		Means	Source		Means
🔗 u"a"	u"b"	u"ab"	U"a"	U"b"	U"ab"	L"a"	L"b"	L"ab"
🔗 u"a"	"b"	u"ab"	U"a"	"b"	U"ab"	L"a"	"b"	L"ab"
🔗 "a"	u"b"	u"ab"	"a"	U"b"	U"ab"	"a"	L"b"	L"ab"

Table 14 — Minimum width [tab:basic.fundamental.width]

🔗 Type	Minimum width N
🔗 signed char	8
🔗 short int	16
🔗 int	16
🔗 long int	32
🔗 long long int	64

Table 15 — Properties of named extended floating-point types [tab:basic.extended.fp]

🔗 Parameter	float16_t	float32_t	float64_t	float128_t	bfloat16_t
🔗 ISO/IEC 60559 name	binary16	binary32	binary64	binary128
🔗 k, storage width in bits	16	32	64	128	16
🔗 p, precision in bits	11	24	53	113	8
🔗 emax, maximum exponent	15	127	1023	16383	127
🔗 w, exponent field width in bits	5	8	11	15	8

Table 16 — Relations on const and volatile [tab:basic.type.qualifier.rel]

🔗 no cv-qualifier	<	const
🔗 no cv-qualifier	<	volatile
🔗 no cv-qualifier	<	const volatile
🔗 const	<	const volatile
🔗 volatile	<	const volatile

Table 17 — simple-type-specifiers and the types they specify [tab:dcl.type.simple]

🔗 Specifier(s)	Type
🔗 type-name	the type named
🔗 simple-template-id	the type as defined in [temp.names]
🔗 decltype-specifier	the type as defined in [dcl.type.decltype]
🔗 pack-index-specifier	the type as defined in [dcl.type.pack.index]
🔗 placeholder-type-specifier	the type as defined in [dcl.spec.auto]
🔗 template-name	the type as defined in [dcl.type.class.deduct]
🔗 char	“char”
🔗 unsigned char	“unsigned char”
🔗 signed char	“signed char”
🔗 char8_t	“char8_t”
🔗 char16_t	“char16_t”
🔗 char32_t	“char32_t”
🔗 bool	“bool”
🔗 unsigned	“unsigned int”
🔗 unsigned int	“unsigned int”
🔗 signed	“int”
🔗 signed int	“int”
🔗 int	“int”
🔗 unsigned short int	“unsigned short int”
🔗 unsigned short	“unsigned short int”
🔗 unsigned long int	“unsigned long int”
🔗 unsigned long	“unsigned long int”
🔗 unsigned long long int	“unsigned long long int”
🔗 unsigned long long	“unsigned long long int”
🔗 signed long int	“long int”
🔗 signed long	“long int”
🔗 signed long long int	“long long int”
🔗 signed long long	“long long int”
🔗 long long int	“long long int”
🔗 long long	“long long int”
🔗 long int	“long int”
🔗 long	“long int”
🔗 signed short int	“short int”
🔗 signed short	“short int”
🔗 short int	“short int”
🔗 short	“short int”
🔗 wchar_t	“wchar_t”
🔗 float	“float”
🔗 double	“double”
🔗 long double	“long double”
🔗 void	“void”

Table 18 — Relationship between operator and function call notation [tab:over.match.oper]

🔗 Subclause	Expression	As member function	As non-member function
🔗 [over.unary]	@a	(a).operator@ ( )	operator@(a)
🔗 [over.binary]	a@b	(a).operator@ (b)	operator@(a, b)
🔗 [over.assign]	a=b	(a).operator= (b)
🔗 [over.sub]	a[b]	(a).operator[](b)
🔗 [over.ref]	a->	(a).operator->( )
🔗 [over.inc]	a@	(a).operator@ (0)	operator@(a, 0)

Table 19 — Conversions [tab:over.ics.scs]

🔗 Conversion	Category	Rank	Subclause
🔗 No conversions required	Identity
🔗 Lvalue-to-rvalue conversion			[conv.lval]
🔗 Array-to-pointer conversion	Lvalue Transformation		[conv.array]
🔗 Function-to-pointer conversion		Exact Match	[conv.func]
🔗 Qualification conversions			[conv.qual]
🔗 Function pointer conversion	Qualification Adjustment		[conv.fctptr]
🔗 Integral promotions			[conv.prom]
🔗 Floating-point promotion	Promotion	Promotion	[conv.fpprom]
🔗 Integral conversions			[conv.integral]
🔗 Floating-point conversions			[conv.double]
🔗 Floating-integral conversions			[conv.fpint]
🔗 Pointer conversions	Conversion	Conversion	[conv.ptr]
🔗 Pointer-to-member conversions			[conv.mem]
🔗 Boolean conversions			[conv.bool]

Table 20 — Value of folding empty sequences [tab:temp.fold.empty]

🔗 Operator	Value when pack is empty
🔗 &&	true
🔗 ||	false
🔗 ,	void()

Table 21 — __has_cpp_attribute values [tab:cpp.cond.ha]

🔗 Attribute	Value
🔗 assume	202207L
🔗 deprecated	201309L
🔗 fallthrough	201603L
🔗 likely	201803L
🔗 maybe_unused	201603L
🔗 no_unique_address	201803L
🔗 nodiscard	201907L
🔗 noreturn	200809L
🔗 unlikely	201803L

Table 22 — Feature-test macros [tab:cpp.predefined.ft]

🔗 Macro name	Value
🔗 __cpp_aggregate_bases	201603L
🔗 __cpp_aggregate_nsdmi	201304L
🔗 __cpp_aggregate_paren_init	201902L
🔗 __cpp_alias_templates	200704L
🔗 __cpp_aligned_new	201606L
🔗 __cpp_attributes	200809L
🔗 __cpp_auto_cast	202110L
🔗 __cpp_binary_literals	201304L
🔗 __cpp_capture_star_this	201603L
🔗 __cpp_char8_t	202207L
🔗 __cpp_concepts	202002L
🔗 __cpp_conditional_explicit	201806L
🔗 __cpp_constexpr	202406L
🔗 __cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc	201907L
🔗 __cpp_constexpr_exceptions	202411L
🔗 __cpp_constexpr_in_decltype	201711L
🔗 __cpp_consteval	202211L
🔗 __cpp_constinit	201907L
🔗 __cpp_contracts	202502L
🔗 __cpp_decltype	200707L
🔗 __cpp_decltype_auto	201304L
🔗 __cpp_deduction_guides	201907L
🔗 __cpp_delegating_constructors	200604L
🔗 __cpp_deleted_function	202403L
🔗 __cpp_designated_initializers	201707L
🔗 __cpp_enumerator_attributes	201411L
🔗 __cpp_explicit_this_parameter	202110L
🔗 __cpp_fold_expressions	201603L
🔗 __cpp_generic_lambdas	201707L
🔗 __cpp_guaranteed_copy_elision	201606L
🔗 __cpp_hex_float	201603L
🔗 __cpp_if_consteval	202106L
🔗 __cpp_if_constexpr	201606L
🔗 __cpp_impl_coroutine	201902L
🔗 __cpp_impl_destroying_delete	201806L
🔗 __cpp_impl_three_way_comparison	201907L
🔗 __cpp_implicit_move	202207L
🔗 __cpp_inheriting_constructors	201511L
🔗 __cpp_init_captures	201803L
🔗 __cpp_initializer_lists	200806L
🔗 __cpp_inline_variables	201606L
🔗 __cpp_lambdas	200907L
🔗 __cpp_modules	201907L
🔗 __cpp_multidimensional_subscript	202211L
🔗 __cpp_named_character_escapes	202207L
🔗 __cpp_namespace_attributes	201411L
🔗 __cpp_noexcept_function_type	201510L
🔗 __cpp_nontype_template_args	201911L
🔗 __cpp_nontype_template_parameter_auto	201606L
🔗 __cpp_nsdmi	200809L
🔗 __cpp_pack_indexing	202311L
🔗 __cpp_placeholder_variables	202306L
🔗 __cpp_pp_embed	202502L
🔗 __cpp_range_based_for	202211L
🔗 __cpp_raw_strings	200710L
🔗 __cpp_ref_qualifiers	200710L
🔗 __cpp_return_type_deduction	201304L
🔗 __cpp_rvalue_references	200610L
🔗 __cpp_size_t_suffix	202011L
🔗 __cpp_sized_deallocation	201309L
🔗 __cpp_static_assert	202306L
🔗 __cpp_static_call_operator	202207L
🔗 __cpp_structured_bindings	202411L
🔗 __cpp_template_parameters	202502L
🔗 __cpp_template_template_args	201611L
🔗 __cpp_threadsafe_static_init	200806L
🔗 __cpp_trivial_relocatability	202502L
🔗 __cpp_trivial_union	202502L
🔗 __cpp_unicode_characters	200704L
🔗 __cpp_unicode_literals	200710L
🔗 __cpp_user_defined_literals	200809L
🔗 __cpp_using_enum	201907L
🔗 __cpp_variable_templates	201304L
🔗 __cpp_variadic_friend	202403L
🔗 __cpp_variadic_templates	200704L
🔗 __cpp_variadic_using	201611L

Table 23 — Library categories [tab:library.categories]

🔗 Clause	Category
🔗 [support]	Language support library
🔗 [concepts]	Concepts library
🔗 [diagnostics]	Diagnostics library
🔗 [mem]	Memory management library
🔗 [meta]	Metaprogramming library
🔗 [utilities]	General utilities library
🔗 [containers]	Containers library
🔗 [iterators]	Iterators library
🔗 [ranges]	Ranges library
🔗 [algorithms]	Algorithms library
🔗 [strings]	Strings library
🔗 [text]	Text processing library
🔗 [numerics]	Numerics library
🔗 [time]	Time library
🔗 [input.output]	Input/output library
🔗 [thread]	Concurrency support library
🔗 [exec]	Execution control library

Table 24 — C++ library headers [tab:headers.cpp]

🔗 <algorithm>	<fstream>	<new>	<stdexcept>
🔗 <any>	<functional>	<numbers>	<stdfloat>
🔗 <array>	<future>	<numeric>	<stop_token>
🔗 <atomic>	<generator>	<optional>	<streambuf>
🔗 <barrier>	<hazard_pointer>	<ostream>	<string>
🔗 <bit>	<hive>	<print>	<string_view>
🔗 <bitset>	<initializer_list>	<queue>	<syncstream>
🔗 <charconv>	<inplace_vector>	<random>	<system_error>
🔗 <chrono>	<iomanip>	<ranges>	<text_encoding>
🔗 <compare>	<ios>	<ratio>	<thread>
🔗 <complex>	<iosfwd>	<rcu>	<tuple>
🔗 <concepts>	<iostream>	<regex>	<type_traits>
🔗 <condition_variable>	<istream>	<scoped_allocator>	<typeindex>
🔗 <contracts>	<iterator>	<semaphore>	<typeinfo>
🔗 <coroutine>	<latch>	<set>	<unordered_map>
🔗 <debugging>	<limits>	<shared_mutex>	<unordered_set>
🔗 <deque>	<linalg>	<simd>	<utility>
🔗 <exception>	<list>	<source_location>	<valarray>
🔗 <execution>	<locale>	<span>	<variant>
🔗 <expected>	<map>	<spanstream>	<vector>
🔗 <filesystem>	<mdspan>	<sstream>	<version>
🔗 <flat_map>	<memory>	<stack>
🔗 <flat_set>	<memory_resource>	<stacktrace>
🔗 <format>	<mutex>
🔗 <forward_list>

Table 25 — C++ headers for C library facilities [tab:headers.cpp.c]

🔗 <cassert>	<cfenv>	<climits>	<csetjmp>	<cstddef>	<cstdlib>	<cuchar>
🔗 <cctype>	<cfloat>	<clocale>	<csignal>	<cstdint>	<cstring>	<cwchar>
🔗 <cerrno>	<cinttypes>	<cmath>	<cstdarg>	<cstdio>	<ctime>	<cwctype>

Table 26 — Names from ISO/IEC 9899:2018, Annex K [tab:c.annex.k.names]

🔗 abort_handler_s	mbstowcs_s	strncat_s	vswscanf_s
🔗 asctime_s	memcpy_s	strncpy_s	vwprintf_s
🔗 bsearch_s	memmove_s	strtok_s	vwscanf_s
🔗 constraint_handler_t	memset_s	swprintf_s	wcrtomb_s
🔗 ctime_s	printf_s	swscanf_s	wcscat_s
🔗 errno_t	qsort_s	tmpfile_s	wcscpy_s
🔗 fopen_s	RSIZE_MAX	TMP_MAX_S	wcsncat_s
🔗 fprintf_s	rsize_t	tmpnam_s	wcsncpy_s
🔗 freopen_s	scanf_s	vfprintf_s	wcsnlen_s
🔗 fscanf_s	set_constraint_handler_s	vfscanf_s	wcsrtombs_s
🔗 fwprintf_s	snprintf_s	vfwprintf_s	wcstok_s
🔗 fwscanf_s	snwprintf_s	vfwscanf_s	wcstombs_s
🔗 getenv_s	sprintf_s	vprintf_s	wctomb_s
🔗 gets_s	sscanf_s	vscanf_s	wmemcpy_s
🔗 gmtime_s	strcat_s	vsnprintf_s	wmemmove_s
🔗 ignore_handler_s	strcpy_s	vsnwprintf_s	wprintf_s
🔗 localtime_s	strerrorlen_s	vsprintf_s	wscanf_s
🔗 L_tmpnam_s	strerror_s	vsscanf_s
🔗 mbsrtowcs_s	strlen_s	vswprintf_s

Table 27 — C++ headers for freestanding implementations [tab:headers.cpp.fs]

🔗	Subclause	Header
🔗 [support.types]	Common definitions	<cstddef>
🔗 [cstdlib.syn]	C standard library	<cstdlib>
🔗 [support.limits]	Implementation properties	<cfloat>, <climits>, <limits>,
🔗		<version>
🔗 [cstdint.syn]	Integer types	<cstdint>
🔗 [support.dynamic]	Dynamic memory management	<new>
🔗 [support.rtti]	Type identification	<typeinfo>
🔗 [support.srcloc]	Source location	<source_location>
🔗 [support.exception]	Exception handling	<exception>
🔗 [support.initlist]	Initializer lists	<initializer_list>
🔗 [cmp]	Comparisons	<compare>
🔗 [support.contract]	Contract-violation handling	<contracts>
🔗 [support.coroutine]	Coroutines support	<coroutine>
🔗 [support.runtime]	Other runtime support	<cstdarg>
🔗 [concepts]	Concepts library	<concepts>
🔗 [errno]	Error numbers	<cerrno>
🔗 [syserr]	System error support	<system_error>
🔗 [debugging]	Debugging	<debugging>
🔗 [memory]	Memory	<memory>
🔗 [type.traits]	Type traits	<type_traits>
🔗 [ratio]	Compile-time rational arithmetic	<ratio>
🔗 [utility]	Utility components	<utility>
🔗 [tuple]	Tuples	<tuple>
🔗 [optional]	Optional objects	<optional>
🔗 [variant]	Variants	<variant>
🔗 [expected]	Expected objects	<expected>
🔗 [function.objects]	Function objects	<functional>
🔗 [bit]	Bit manipulation	<bit>
🔗 [array]	Class template array	<array>
🔗 [inplace.vector]	Class template inplace_vector	<inplace_vector>
🔗 [views.contiguous]	Contiguous access	<span>
🔗 [views.multidim]	Multidimensional access	<mdspan>
🔗 [iterators]	Iterators library	<iterator>
🔗 [ranges]	Ranges library	<ranges>
🔗 [algorithms]	Algorithms library	<algorithm>, <numeric>
🔗 [execpol]	Execution policies	<execpol>
🔗 [string.view]	String view classes	<string_view>
🔗 [string.classes]	String classes	<string>
🔗 [c.strings]	Null-terminated sequence utilities	<cstring>, <cwchar>
🔗 [charconv]	Primitive numeric conversions	<charconv>
🔗 [rand]	Random number generation	<random>
🔗 [c.math]	Mathematical functions for floating-point types	<cmath>
🔗 [atomics]	Atomics	<atomic>
🔗