If the type of a template-parameter contains a placeholder type, the deduced parameter type is determined from the type of the template-argument by placeholder type deduction. If a deduced parameter type is not permitted for a template-parameter declaration ([temp.param]), the program is ill-formed.
A template-argument for a non-type template-parameter shall be a converted constant expression of the type of the template-parameter. For a non-type template-parameter of reference or pointer type, the value of the constant expression shall not refer to (or for a pointer type, shall not be the address of):
a subobject,
the result of a typeid expression, or
a predefined __func__ variable.
[ Note: If the template-argument represents a set of overloaded functions (or a pointer or member pointer to such), the matching function is selected from the set ([over.over]). — end note ]
[ Example:
template<const int* pci> struct X { /* ... */ };
int ai[10];
X<ai> xi; // array to pointer and qualification conversions
struct Y { /* ... */ };
template<const Y& b> struct Z { /* ... */ };
Y y;
Z<y> z; // no conversion, but note extra cv-qualification
template<int (&pa)[5]> struct W { /* ... */ };
int b[5];
W<b> w; // no conversion
void f(char);
void f(int);
template<void (*pf)(int)> struct A { /* ... */ };
A<&f> a; // selects f(int)
template<auto n> struct B { /* ... */ };
B<5> b1; // OK: template parameter type is int
B<'a'> b2; // OK: template parameter type is char
B<2.5> b3; // error: template parameter type cannot be double
— end example ]
[ Note: A string literal is not an acceptable template-argument. [ Example:
template<class T, const char* p> class X {
/* ... */
};
X<int, "Studebaker"> x1; // error: string literal as template-argument
const char p[] = "Vivisectionist";
X<int,p> x2; // OK
— end example ] — end note ]
[ Note: The address of an array element or non-static data member is not an acceptable template-argument. [ Example:
template<int* p> class X { };
int a[10];
struct S { int m; static int s; } s;
X<&a[2]> x3; // error: address of array element
X<&s.m> x4; // error: address of non-static member
X<&s.s> x5; // OK: address of static member
X<&S::s> x6; // OK: address of static member
— end example ] — end note ]
[ Note: A temporary object is not an acceptable template-argument when the corresponding template-parameter has reference type. [ Example:
template<const int& CRI> struct B { /* ... */ };
B<1> b2; // error: temporary would be required for template argument
int c = 1;
B<c> b1; // OK
— end example ] — end note ]