6 Basics [basic]

6.4 Scope [basic.scope]

6.4.2 Point of declaration [basic.scope.pdecl]

1
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The locus of a declaration ([basic.pre]) that is a declarator is immediately after the complete declarator ([dcl.decl]).
[Example 1: unsigned char x = 12; { unsigned char x = x; }
Here, the initialization of the second x has undefined behavior, because the initializer accesses the second x outside its lifetime ([basic.life]).
— end example]
2
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[Note 1: 
A name from an outer scope remains visible up to the locus of the declaration that hides it.
[Example 2: 
const int i = 2; { int i[i]; } declares a block-scope array of two integers.
— end example]
— end note]
3
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The locus of a class-specifier is immediately after the identifier or simple-template-id (if any) in its class-head ([class.pre]).
The locus of an enum-specifier is immediately after its enum-head; the locus of an opaque-enum-declaration is immediately after it ([dcl.enum]).
The locus of an alias-declaration is immediately after it.
4
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The locus of a using-declarator that does not name a constructor is immediately after the using-declarator ([namespace.udecl]).
5
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The locus of an enumerator-definition is immediately after it.
[Example 3: const int x = 12; { enum { x = x }; }
Here, the enumerator x is initialized with the value of the constant x, namely 12.
— end example]
6
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[Note 2: 
After the declaration of a class member, the member name can be found in the scope of its class even if the class is an incomplete class.
[Example 4: struct X { enum E { z = 16 }; int b[X::z]; // OK }; — end example]
— end note]
7
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The locus of an elaborated-type-specifier that is a declaration ([dcl.type.elab]) is immediately after it.
8
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The locus of an injected-class-name declaration ([class.pre]) is immediately following the opening brace of the class definition.
9
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The locus of the implicit declaration of a function-local predefined variable ([dcl.fct.def.general]) is immediately before the function-body of its function's definition.
10
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The locus of the declaration of a structured binding ([dcl.struct.bind]) is immediately after the identifier-list of the structured binding declaration.
11
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The locus of a for-range-declaration of a range-based for statement ([stmt.ranged]) is immediately after the for-range-initializer.
12
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The locus of a template-parameter is immediately after it.
[Example 5: typedef unsigned char T; template<class T = T // lookup finds the typedef-name , T // lookup finds the template parameter N = 0> struct A { }; — end example]
13
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The locus of a concept-definition is immediately after its concept-name ([temp.concept]).
[Note 3:  — end note]
14
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The locus of a namespace-definition with an identifier is immediately after the identifier.
[Note 4: 
An identifier is invented for an unnamed-namespace-definition ([namespace.unnamed]).
— end note]
15
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[Note 5: 
Friend declarations can introduce functions or classes that belong to the nearest enclosing namespace or block scope, but they do not bind names anywhere ([class.friend]).
Function declarations at block scope and variable declarations with the extern specifier at block scope declare entities that belong to the nearest enclosing namespace, but they do not bind names in it.
— end note]
16
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[Note 6: 
For point of instantiation of a template, see [temp.point].
— end note]