31 Input/output library [input.output]

31.1 General [input.output.general]

1
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This Clause describes components that C++ programs may use to perform input/output operations.
2
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The following subclauses describe requirements for stream parameters, and components for forward declarations of iostreams, predefined iostreams objects, base iostreams classes, stream buffering, stream formatting and manipulators, string streams, and file streams, as summarized in Table 117.
Table 117: Input/output library summary [tab:iostreams.summary]
Subclause
Header
Requirements
Forward declarations
<iosfwd>
Standard iostream objects
<iostream>
Iostreams base classes
<ios>
Stream buffers
<streambuf>
Formatting and manipulators
<istream>, <ostream>, <iomanip>, <print>
String streams
<sstream>
Span-based streams
<spanstream>
File streams
<fstream>
Synchronized output streams
<syncstream>
File systems
<filesystem>
C library files
<cstdio>, <cinttypes>