22 General utilities library [utilities]

22.14 Formatting [format]

22.14.8 Arguments [format.arguments]

22.14.8.1 Class template basic_format_arg [format.arg]

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namespace std { template<class Context> class basic_format_arg { public: class handle; private: using char_type = typename Context::char_type; // exposition only variant<monostate, bool, char_type, int, unsigned int, long long int, unsigned long long int, float, double, long double, const char_type*, basic_string_view<char_type>, const void*, handle> value; // exposition only template<class T> explicit basic_format_arg(T& v) noexcept; // exposition only public: basic_format_arg() noexcept; explicit operator bool() const noexcept; }; }
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An instance of basic_format_arg provides access to a formatting argument for user-defined formatters.
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The behavior of a program that adds specializations of basic_format_arg is undefined.
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basic_format_arg() noexcept;
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Postconditions: !(*this).
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template<class T> explicit basic_format_arg(T& v) noexcept;
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Constraints: T satisfies formattable-with<Context>.
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Preconditions: If decay_t<T> is char_type* or const char_type*, static_cast<const char_
type*>(v) points to a NTCTS ([defns.ntcts]).
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Effects: Let TD be remove_const_t<T>.
  • (6.1)
    If TD is bool or char_type, initializes value with v;
  • (6.2)
    otherwise, if TD is char and char_type is wchar_t, initializes value with static_cast<wchar_t>(v);
  • (6.3)
    otherwise, if TD is a signed integer type ([basic.fundamental]) and sizeof(TD) <= sizeof(int), initializes value with static_cast<int>(v);
  • (6.4)
    otherwise, if TD is an unsigned integer type and sizeof(TD) <= sizeof(unsigned int), initializes value with static_cast<unsigned int>(v);
  • (6.5)
    otherwise, if TD is a signed integer type and sizeof(TD) <= sizeof(long long int), initializes value with static_cast<long long int>(v);
  • (6.6)
    otherwise, if TD is an unsigned integer type and sizeof(TD) <= sizeof(unsigned long long int), initializes value with static_cast<unsigned long long int>(v);
  • (6.7)
    otherwise, if TD is a standard floating-point type, initializes value with v;
  • (6.8)
    otherwise, if TD is a specialization of basic_string_view or basic_string and TD​::​value_type is char_type, initializes value with basic_string_view<char_type>(v.data(), v.size());
  • (6.9)
    otherwise, if decay_t<TD> is char_type* or const char_type*, initializes value with static_cast<const char_type*>(v);
  • (6.10)
    otherwise, if is_void_v<remove_pointer_t<TD>> is true or is_null_pointer_v<TD> is true, initializes value with static_cast<const void*>(v);
  • (6.11)
    otherwise, initializes value with handle(v).
[Note 1: 
Constructing basic_format_arg from a pointer to a member is ill-formed unless the user provides an enabled specialization of formatter for that pointer to member type.
— end note]
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explicit operator bool() const noexcept;
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Returns: !holds_alternative<monostate>(value).
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The class handle allows formatting an object of a user-defined type.
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namespace std { template<class Context> class basic_format_arg<Context>::handle { const void* ptr_; // exposition only void (*format_)(basic_format_parse_context<char_type>&, Context&, const void*); // exposition only template<class T> explicit handle(T& val) noexcept; // exposition only friend class basic_format_arg<Context>; // exposition only public: void format(basic_format_parse_context<char_type>&, Context& ctx) const; }; }
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template<class T> explicit handle(T& val) noexcept;
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Let
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Mandates: TQ satisfies formattable-with<Context>.
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Effects: Initializes ptr_ with addressof(val) and format_ with [](basic_format_parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx, Context& format_ctx, const void* ptr) { typename Context::template formatter_type<TD> f; parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx)); format_ctx.advance_to(f.format(*const_cast<TQ*>(static_cast<const TD*>(ptr)), format_ctx)); }
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void format(basic_format_parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx, Context& format_ctx) const;
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Effects: Equivalent to: format_(parse_ctx, format_ctx, ptr_);
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template<class Visitor, class Context> decltype(auto) visit_format_arg(Visitor&& vis, basic_format_arg<Context> arg);
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Effects: Equivalent to: return visit(std​::​forward<Visitor>(vis), arg.value);

22.14.8.2 Class template format-arg-store [format.arg.store]

namespace std { template<class Context, class... Args> class format-arg-store { // exposition only array<basic_format_arg<Context>, sizeof...(Args)> args; // exposition only }; }
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An instance of format-arg-store stores formatting arguments.
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template<class Context = format_context, class... Args> format-arg-store<Context, Args...> make_format_args(Args&&... fmt_args);
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Preconditions: The type typename Context​::​template formatter_type<remove_cvref_t<>>
meets the BasicFormatter requirements ([formatter.requirements]) for each in Args.
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Returns: An object of type format-arg-store<Context, Args...> whose args data member is initialized with {basic_format_arg<Context>(fmt_args)...}.
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template<class... Args> format-arg-store<wformat_context, Args...> make_wformat_args(Args&&... args);
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Effects: Equivalent to: return make_format_args<wformat_context>(args...);

22.14.8.3 Class template basic_format_args [format.args]

namespace std { template<class Context> class basic_format_args { size_t size_; // exposition only const basic_format_arg<Context>* data_; // exposition only public: basic_format_args() noexcept; template<class... Args> basic_format_args(const format-arg-store<Context, Args...>& store) noexcept; basic_format_arg<Context> get(size_t i) const noexcept; }; template<class Context, class... Args> basic_format_args(format-arg-store<Context, Args...>) -> basic_format_args<Context>; }
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An instance of basic_format_args provides access to formatting arguments.
Implementations should optimize the representation of basic_format_args for a small number of formatting arguments.
[Note 1: 
For example, by storing indices of type alternatives separately from values and packing the former.
— end note]
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basic_format_args() noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes size_ with 0.
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template<class... Args> basic_format_args(const format-arg-store<Context, Args...>& store) noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes size_ with sizeof...(Args) and data_ with store.args.data().
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basic_format_arg<Context> get(size_t i) const noexcept;
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Returns: i < size_ ? data_[i] : basic_format_arg<Context>().