Annex C (informative) Compatibility [diff]

Change: Specify use of explicit in existing boolean conversion functions.

Rationale: Clarify intentions, avoid workarounds.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on implicit boolean conversions will fail to compile with this revision of C++.

Such conversions occur in the following conditions:

• (1.1)
  passing a value to a function that takes an argument of type bool;
• (1.2)
  using operator== to compare to false or true;
• (1.3)
  returning a value from a function with a return type of bool;
• (1.4)
  initializing members of type bool via aggregate initialization;
• (1.5)
  initializing a const bool& which would bind to a temporary object.

Change: Change base class of std​::​ios_base​::​failure.

Rationale: More detailed error messages.

Effect on original feature: std​::​ios_base​::​failure is no longer derived directly from std​::​exception, but is now derived from std​::​system_error, which in turn is derived from std​::​runtime_error.

Valid C++ 2003 code that assumes that std​::​ios_base​::​failure is derived directly from std​::​exception may execute differently in this revision of C++.

Change: Flag types in std​::​ios_base are now bitmasks with values defined as constexpr static members.

Rationale: Required for new features.

Effect on original feature: Valid C++ 2003 code that relies on std​::​ios_base flag types being represented as std​::​bitset or as an integer type may fail to compile with this revision of C++.

For example: #include <iostream> int main() { int flag = std::ios_base::hex; std::cout.setf(flag); // error: setf does not take argument of type int }