namespace std {
  
  template<class To, class From>
    constexpr To bit_cast(const From& from) noexcept;
  
  template<class T>
    constexpr bool has_single_bit(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr T bit_ceil(T x);
  template<class T>
    constexpr T bit_floor(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr T bit_width(T x) noexcept;
  
  template<class T>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr T rotl(T x, int s) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr T rotr(T x, int s) noexcept;
  
  template<class T>
    constexpr int countl_zero(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr int countl_one(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr int countr_zero(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr int countr_one(T x) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    constexpr int popcount(T x) noexcept;
  
  enum class endian {
    little = see below,
    big    = see below,
    native = see below
  };
}