26 Numerics library [numerics]

26.6 Random number generation [rand]

26.6.7 Utilities [rand.util]

26.6.7.1 Class seed_­seq [rand.util.seedseq]

class seed_seq {
public:
  // types
  using result_type = uint_least32_t;

  // constructors
  seed_seq();
  template<class T>
    seed_seq(initializer_list<T> il);
  template<class InputIterator>
    seed_seq(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end);

  // generating functions
  template<class RandomAccessIterator>
    void generate(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end);

  // property functions
  size_t size() const noexcept;
  template<class OutputIterator>
    void param(OutputIterator dest) const;

  // no copy functions
  seed_seq(const seed_seq&) = delete;
  void operator=(const seed_seq&) = delete;

private:
  vector<result_type> v;        // exposition only
};
seed_seq();
Postconditions: v.empty() is true.
Throws: Nothing.
template<class T> seed_seq(initializer_list<T> il);
Mandates: T is an integer type.
Effects: Same as seed_­seq(il.begin(), il.end()).
template<class InputIterator> seed_seq(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end);
Mandates: iterator_­traits<InputIterator>​::​value_­type is an integer type.
Preconditions: InputIterator meets the Cpp17InputIterator requirements ([input.iterators]).
Effects: Initializes v by the following algorithm:
for (InputIterator s = begin; s != end; ++s)
 v.push_back((*s));
template<class RandomAccessIterator> void generate(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end);
Mandates: iterator_­traits<RandomAccessIterator>​::​​value_­type is an unsigned integer type capable of accommodating 32-bit quantities.
Preconditions: RandomAccessIterator meets the Cpp17RandomAccessIterator requirements ([random.access.iterators]) and the requirements of a mutable iterator.
Effects: Does nothing if begin == end.
Otherwise, with and , fills the supplied range according to the following algorithm in which each operation is to be carried out modulo , each indexing operator applied to begin is to be taken modulo n, and T(x) is defined as :
  • By way of initialization, set each element of the range to the value 0x8b8b8b8b.
    Additionally, for use in subsequent steps, let and let , where
  • With m as the larger of and n, transform the elements of the range: iteratively for , calculate values
    and, in order, increment begin[] by , increment begin[] by , and set begin[k] to .
  • Transform the elements of the range again, beginning where the previous step ended: iteratively for , calculate values
    and, in order, update begin[] by xoring it with , update begin[] by xoring it with , and set begin[k] to .
Throws: What and when RandomAccessIterator operations of begin and end throw.
size_t size() const noexcept;
Returns: The number of 32-bit units that would be returned by a call to param().
Complexity: Constant time.
template<class OutputIterator> void param(OutputIterator dest) const;
Mandates: Values of type result_­type are writable ([iterator.requirements.general]) to dest.
Preconditions: OutputIterator meets the Cpp17OutputIterator requirements ([output.iterators]).
Effects: Copies the sequence of prepared 32-bit units to the given destination, as if by executing the following statement:
copy(v.begin(), v.end(), dest);
Throws: What and when OutputIterator operations of dest throw.

26.6.7.2 Function template generate_­canonical [rand.util.canonical]

template<class RealType, size_t bits, class URBG> RealType generate_canonical(URBG& g);
Complexity: Exactly invocations of g, where b246 is the lesser of numeric_­limits<RealType>​::​digits and bits, and R is the value of .
Effects: Invokes g() k times to obtain values , respectively.
Calculates a quantity
using arithmetic of type RealType.
Returns: .
Note
:
.
— end note
 ]
Throws: What and when g throws.
Note
:
If the values produced by g are uniformly distributed, the instantiation's results are distributed as uniformly as possible.
Obtaining a value in this way can be a useful step in the process of transforming a value generated by a uniform random bit generator into a value that can be delivered by a random number distribution.
— end note
 ]
b is introduced to avoid any attempt to produce more bits of randomness than can be held in RealType.
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