28 Localization library [localization]

28.3 Locales [locales]

28.3.3 Convenience interfaces [locale.convenience]

28.3.3.1 Character classification [classification]

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template<class charT> bool isspace (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isprint (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool iscntrl (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isupper (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool islower (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isalpha (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isdigit (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool ispunct (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isxdigit(charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isalnum (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isgraph (charT c, const locale& loc); template<class charT> bool isblank (charT c, const locale& loc);
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Each of these functions isF returns the result of the expression: 
use_facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).is(ctype_base::F, c)
where F is the ctype_­base​::​mask value corresponding to that function ([category.ctype]).259
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When used in a loop, it is faster to cache the ctype<> facet and use it directly, or use the vector form of ctype<>​::​is.
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28.3.3.2 Conversions [conversions]

28.3.3.2.1 Character conversions [conversions.character]

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template<class charT> charT toupper(charT c, const locale& loc);
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Returns: use_­facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).toupper(c).
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template<class charT> charT tolower(charT c, const locale& loc);
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Returns: use_­facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).tolower(c).