22 Diagnostics library [diagnostics]

22.5 System error support [syserr]

22.5.7 Class system_­error [syserr.syserr]

22.5.7.1 Class system_­error overview [syserr.syserr.overview]

1
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The class system_­error describes an exception object used to report error conditions that have an associated error code. Such error conditions typically originate from the operating system or other low-level application program interfaces.

2
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[ Note: If an error represents an out-of-memory condition, implementations are encouraged to throw an exception object of type bad_­alloc rather than system_­error.  — end note ] 

namespace std {
  class system_error : public runtime_error {
  public:
    system_error(error_code ec, const string& what_arg);
    system_error(error_code ec, const char* what_arg);
    system_error(error_code ec);
    system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat, const string& what_arg);
    system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat, const char* what_arg);
    system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat);
    const error_code& code() const noexcept;
    const char* what() const noexcept override;
  };
}