In the function descriptions that follow, let i be in the range [0, sizeof...(TTypes)) in order and let Ti be the ith type in a template parameter pack named TTypes; let j be in the range [0, sizeof...(UTypes)) in order and Uj be the jth type in a template parameter pack named UTypes, where indexing is zero-based.
template<class... Types>
constexpr tuple<VTypes...> make_tuple(Types&&... t);
Let Ui be decay_t<Ti> for each Ti in Types. Then each Vi in VTypes is X& if Ui equals reference_wrapper<X>, otherwise Vi is Ui.
Returns: tuple<VTypes...>(std::forward<Types>(t)...).
[ Example:
int i; float j; make_tuple(1, ref(i), cref(j))
creates a tuple of type
tuple<int, int&, const float&>
— end example ]
template<class... Types>
constexpr tuple<Types&&...> forward_as_tuple(Types&&... t) noexcept;
Effects: Constructs a tuple of references to the arguments in t suitable for forwarding as arguments to a function. Because the result may contain references to temporary variables, a program shall ensure that the return value of this function does not outlive any of its arguments. (e.g., the program should typically not store the result in a named variable).
Returns: tuple<Types&&...>(std::forward<Types>(t)...).
template<class... Types>
constexpr tuple<Types&...> tie(Types&... t) noexcept;
Returns: tuple<Types&...>(t...). When an argument in t is ignore, assigning any value to the corresponding tuple element has no effect.
[ Example: tie functions allow one to create tuples that unpack tuples into variables. ignore can be used for elements that are not needed:
int i; std::string s;
tie(i, ignore, s) = make_tuple(42, 3.14, "C++");
// i == 42, s == "C++"
— end example ]
template <class... Tuples>
constexpr tuple<CTypes...> tuple_cat(Tuples&&... tpls);
In the following paragraphs, let Ti be the ith type in Tuples, Ui be remove_reference_t<Ti>, and tpi be the ith parameter in the function parameter pack tpls, where all indexing is zero-based.
Requires: For all i, Ui shall be the type cvi tuple<Argsi...>, where cvi is the (possibly empty) ith cv-qualifier-seq and Argsi is the parameter pack representing the element types in Ui. Let Aik be the kith type in Argsi. For all Aik the following requirements shall be satisfied: If Ti is deduced as an lvalue reference type, then is_constructible_v<Aik, cvi Aik&> == true, otherwise is_constructible_v<Aik, cvi Aik&&> == true.
Remarks: The types in Ctypes shall be equal to the ordered sequence of the extended types Args0..., Args1..., ... Argsn-1..., where n is equal to sizeof...(Tuples). Let ei... be the ith ordered sequence of tuple elements of the resulting tuple object corresponding to the type sequence Argsi.
Returns: A tuple object constructed by initializing the kith
type element eik in ei... with
get<ki>(std::forward<Ti>(tpi)) for each valid ki and
each group ei in order.
Note: An implementation may support additional types in the parameter pack Tuples that support the tuple-like protocol, such as pair and array.