20 General utilities library [utilities]

20.6 Optional objects [optional]

20.6.2 Header <optional> synopsis [optional.syn]

namespace std {
  // [optional.optional], optional
  template <class T> class optional;

  // [optional.nullopt], no-value state indicator
  struct nullopt_t{see below};
  constexpr nullopt_t nullopt(unspecified);

  // [optional.bad.access], class bad_optional_access
  class bad_optional_access;

  // [optional.relops], relational operators
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T>
  constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, const optional<T>&);

  // [optional.nullops], comparison with nullopt
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept;
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept;

  // [optional.comp_with_t], comparison with T
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const T&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const T&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const T&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const T&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const T&, const optional<T>&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, const T&);
  template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const T&, const optional<T>&);

  // [optional.specalg], specialized algorithms
  template <class T> void swap(optional<T>&, optional<T>&) noexcept(see below);
  template <class T> constexpr optional<see below> make_optional(T&&);
  template <class T, class... Args>
    constexpr optional<T> make_optional(Args&&... args);
  template <class T, class U, class... Args>
    constexpr optional<T> make_optional(initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args);

  // [optional.hash], hash support
  template <class T> struct hash;
  template <class T> struct hash<optional<T>>;
}

A program that necessitates the instantiation of template optional for a reference type, or for possibly cv-qualified types in_place_t or nullopt_t is ill-formed.