27 Input/output library [input.output]

27.7 Formatting and manipulators [iostream.format]

27.7.4 Standard manipulators [std.manip]

The header <iomanip> defines several functions that support extractors and inserters that alter information maintained by class ios_base and its derived classes.

unspecified resetiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags mask);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an object of type basic_ostream<charT, traits> then the expression out << resetiosflags(mask) behaves as if it called f(out, mask), or if in is an object of type basic_istream<charT, traits> then the expression in >> resetiosflags(mask) behaves as if it called f(in, mask), where the function f is defined as:333

void f(ios_base& str, ios_base::fmtflags mask) {
  // reset specified flags
  str.setf(ios_base::fmtflags(0), mask);
}

The expression out << resetiosflags(mask) shall have type basic_ostream<charT,traits>& and value out. The expression in >> resetiosflags(mask) shall have type basic_istream<charT, traits>& and value in.

unspecified setiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags mask);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an object of type basic_ostream<charT, traits> then the expression out << setiosflags(mask) behaves as if it called f(out, mask), or if in is an object of type basic_istream<charT, traits> then the expression in >> setiosflags(mask) behaves as if it called f(in, mask), where the function f is defined as:

void f(ios_base& str, ios_base::fmtflags mask) {
  // set specified flags
  str.setf(mask);
}

The expression out << setiosflags(mask) shall have type basic_ostream<charT, traits>& and value out. The expression in >> setiosflags(mask) shall have type basic_istream<charT,
traits>&
and value in.

unspecified setbase(int base);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an object of type basic_ostream<charT, traits> then the expression out << setbase(base) behaves as if it called f(out, base), or if in is an object of type basic_istream<charT, traits> then the expression in >> setbase(base) behaves as if it called f(in, base), where the function f is defined as:

void f(ios_base& str, int base) {
  // set basefield
  str.setf(base ==  8 ? ios_base::oct :
      base == 10 ? ios_base::dec :
      base == 16 ? ios_base::hex :
      ios_base::fmtflags(0), ios_base::basefield);
}

The expression out << setbase(base) shall have type basic_ostream<charT, traits>& and value out. The expression in >> setbase(base) shall have type basic_istream<charT, traits>& and value in.

unspecified setfill(char_type c);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an object of type basic_ostream<charT, traits> and c has type charT then the expression out << setfill(c) behaves as if it called f(out, c), where the function f is defined as:

template<class charT, class traits>
void f(basic_ios<charT,traits>& str, charT c) {
  // set fill character
  str.fill(c);
}

The expression out << setfill(c) shall have type basic_ostream<charT, traits>& and value out.

unspecified setprecision(int n);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an object of type basic_ostream<charT, traits> then the expression out << setprecision(n) behaves as if it called f(out, n), or if in is an object of type basic_istream<charT, traits> then the expression in >> setprecision(n) behaves as if it called f(in, n), where the function f is defined as:

void f(ios_base& str, int n) {
  // set precision
  str.precision(n);
}

The expression out << setprecision(n) shall have type basic_ostream<charT, traits>& and value out. The expression in >> setprecision(n) shall have type basic_istream<charT, traits>& and value in.

unspecified setw(int n);

Returns: An object of unspecified type such that if out is an instance of basic_ostream<charT, traits> then the expression out << setw(n) behaves as if it called f(out, n), or if in is an object of type basic_istream<charT, traits> then the expression in >> setw(n) behaves as if it called f(in, n), where the function f is defined as:

void f(ios_base& str, int n) {
  // set width
  str.width(n);
}

The expression out << setw(n) shall have type basic_ostream<charT, traits>& and value out. The expression in >> setw(n) shall have type basic_istream<charT, traits>& and value in.

The expression cin >> resetiosflags(ios_base::skipws) clears ios_base::skipws in the format flags stored in the basic_istream<charT,traits> object cin (the same as cin >> noskipws), and the expression cout << resetiosflags(ios_base::showbase) clears ios_base::showbase in the format flags stored in the basic_ostream<charT,traits> object cout (the same as cout << noshowbase).