Valid category values include the locale member bitmask elements collate, ctype, monetary, numeric, time, and messages, each of which represents a single locale category. In addition, locale member bitmask constant none is defined as zero and represents no category. And locale member bitmask constant all is defined such that the expression
(collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages | all) == all
is true, and represents the union of all categories. Further, the expression (X | Y), where X and Y each represent a single category, represents the union of the two categories.
locale member functions expecting a category argument require one of the category values defined above, or the union of two or more such values. Such a category value identifies a set of locale categories. Each locale category, in turn, identifies a set of locale facets, including at least those shown in Table [tab:localization.category.facets].
| Category | Includes facets |
| collate | collate<char>, collate<wchar_t> |
| ctype | ctype<char>, ctype<wchar_t> |
| codecvt<char,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt<char16_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt<char32_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt<wchar_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| monetary | moneypunct<char>, moneypunct<wchar_t> |
| moneypunct<char,true>, moneypunct<wchar_t,true> | |
| money_get<char>, money_get<wchar_t> | |
| money_put<char>, money_put<wchar_t> | |
| numeric | numpunct<char>, numpunct<wchar_t> |
| num_get<char>, num_get<wchar_t> | |
| num_put<char>, num_put<wchar_t> | |
| time | time_get<char>, time_get<wchar_t> |
| time_put<char>, time_put<wchar_t> | |
| messages | messages<char>, messages<wchar_t> |
For any locale loc either constructed, or returned by locale::classic(), and any facet Facet shown in Table [tab:localization.category.facets], has_facet<Facet>(loc) is true. Each locale member function which takes a locale::category argument operates on the corresponding set of facets.
An implementation is required to provide those specializations for facet templates identified as members of a category, and for those shown in Table [tab:localization.required.specializations].
| Category | Includes facets |
| collate | collate_byname<char>, collate_byname<wchar_t> |
| ctype | ctype_byname<char>, ctype_byname<wchar_t> |
| codecvt_byname<char,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt_byname<char16_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt_byname<char32_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| codecvt_byname<wchar_t,char,mbstate_t> | |
| monetary | moneypunct_byname<char,International> |
| moneypunct_byname<wchar_t,International> | |
| money_get<C,InputIterator> | |
| money_put<C,OutputIterator> | |
| numeric | numpunct_byname<char>, numpunct_byname<wchar_t> |
| num_get<C,InputIterator>, num_put<C,OutputIterator> | |
| time | time_get<char,InputIterator> |
| time_get_byname<char,InputIterator> | |
| time_get<wchar_t,InputIterator> | |
| time_get_byname<wchar_t,InputIterator> | |
| time_put<char,OutputIterator> | |
| time_put_byname<char,OutputIterator> | |
| time_put<wchar_t,OutputIterator> | |
| time_put_byname<wchar_t,OutputIterator> | |
| messages | messages_byname<char>, messages_byname<wchar_t> |
The provided implementation of members of facets num_get<charT> and num_put<charT> calls use_facet <F> (l) only for facet F of types numpunct<charT> and ctype<charT>, and for locale l the value obtained by calling member getloc() on the ios_base& argument to these functions.
In declarations of facets, a template parameter with name InputIterator or OutputIterator indicates the set of all possible specializations on parameters that satisfy the requirements of an Input Iterator or an Output Iterator, respectively ([iterator.requirements]). A template parameter with name C represents the set of types containing char, wchar_t, and any other implementation-defined character types that satisfy the requirements for a character on which any of the iostream components can be instantiated. A template parameter with name International represents the set of all possible specializations on a bool parameter.
namespace std {
class locale::facet {
protected:
explicit facet(size_t refs = 0);
virtual ~facet();
facet(const facet&) = delete;
void operator=(const facet&) = delete;
};
}
Template parameters in this Clause which are required to be facets are those named Facet in declarations. A program that passes a type that is not a facet, or a type that refers to a volatile-qualified facet, as an (explicit or deduced) template parameter to a locale function expecting a facet, is ill-formed. A const-qualified facet is a valid template argument to any locale function that expects a Facet template parameter.
The refs argument to the constructor is used for lifetime management.
For refs == 0, the implementation performs delete static_cast<locale::facet*>(f) (where f is a pointer to the facet) when the last locale object containing the facet is destroyed; for refs == 1, the implementation never destroys the facet.
Constructors of all facets defined in this Clause take such an argument and pass it along to their facet base class constructor. All one-argument constructors defined in this Clause are explicit, preventing their participation in automatic conversions.
For some standard facets a standard “…_byname” class, derived from it, implements the virtual function semantics equivalent to that facet of the locale constructed by locale(const char*) with the same name. Each such facet provides a constructor that takes a const char* argument, which names the locale, and a refs argument, which is passed to the base class constructor. Each such facet also provides a constructor that takes a string argument str and a refs argument, which has the same effect as calling the first constructor with the two arguments str.c_str() and refs. If there is no “…_byname” version of a facet, the base class implements named locale semantics itself by reference to other facets.
namespace std {
class locale::id {
public:
id();
void operator=(const id&) = delete;
id(const id&) = delete;
};
}
The class locale::id provides identification of a locale facet interface, used as an index for lookup and to encapsulate initialization.
[ Note: Because facets are used by iostreams, potentially while static constructors are running, their initialization cannot depend on programmed static initialization. One initialization strategy is for locale to initialize each facet's id member the first time an instance of the facet is installed into a locale. This depends only on static storage being zero before constructors run ([basic.start.init]). — end note ]